Nicomedes Márquez Joaquín free essay sample

Nicomedes Mã ¡rquez Joaquã ­n (May 4, 1917â€April 29, 2004) was a Filipino essayist, history specialist and columnist, most popular for his short stories and books in the English language. He additionally composed utilizing the nom de plume Quijano de Manila. Joaquin was presented the position and title of National Artist of the Philippines for Literature. Scratch Joaquin, is viewed by numerous individuals as the most separated Filipino essayist in English composition so variedly thus well about such huge numbers of parts of the Filipino.He was destined to a home profoundly Catholic, taught, and prosperous. His dad, Leocadio Joaquã ­n, was an individual of some conspicuousness. Scratch Joaquã ­n’s mother was a truly, all around read lady of her time who had concentrated in an instructor preparing organization during the Spanish time frame. Despite the fact that still in her adolescents when the United States claimed the Philippines, she was among the first to be prepared by the Americans in English, a language she instructed in a Manila government funded school before she left educating after her marriage. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nicomedes Mã ¡rquez Joaquã ­n or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page There were ten kids in the family, eight young men and two young ladies, with Nick Joaquin as the fifth youngster. In a home where he encountered an amazingly upbeat adolescence. Everything changed after his dad lost the family fortune in due to bombed speculation. The youthful Nick Joaquã ­n dropped out of school. Just ready to complete third year secondary school. Among different changes, he couldn't seek after the strict livelihood that his carefully Catholic family had imagined to be his future. Scratch Joaquã ­n himself admitted that he generally had the job for the strict life and would have entered a theological school on the off chance that it were not for his father’s death.In his high school years Nick was depicted by his sister to have had a â€Å"rabid and crazy love for books.† For he would consistently be seen holding a book in any event, while doing family errands. The two his folks had supported his enthusiasm for books. At the point when he was around ten, his dad got him a borrower’s card at the National Library. He was ravenous, perusing for all intents and purposes everything that found his connecting. In the wake of dropping out of school, Joaquã ­n functioned as a mozo (kid disciple) in a pastry kitchen in Pã ¡say and afterward as a printer’s villain in the making division out of the Tribune, of the TVT (Tribune-Vanguardia-Taliba) distributing organization. This kicked him off on what might be a long lasting relationship with the universe of print.

Essay Topics on Gender Issues

Essay Topics on Gender IssuesEssay topics on gender issues are an important part of any dissertation. In many cases the topic will not be a consideration at all. In other cases the topic will be dealt with extensively by the writer during the writing process. While the level of importance of the topic to the writer can be debatable, it should not be neglected entirely.There are a number of reasons that may warrant the inclusion of gender issues in a written assignment. It may be as simple as mentioning how men and women in general differ from each other. Some students who wish to go into the field of science may find the fact that men and women are separated by such vast differences to be of interest. There are more subtle ways that gender issues can be included in a thesis.There are a number of topics that can be used for essay topics on gender issues. These range from gender stereotypes, social constructions, and conceptions of masculinity and femininity. The reason why these thing s may be included in a writing assignment is so that students can think about how they will handle the subject.There are a number of different reasons that may be used to justify the inclusion of such subjects. For example, a student may want to study the subject and how gender roles impact people's behavior. Others may have developed a personal interest in the subject.There are two different types of subject matter that may be covered in an essay. The first type is scientific in nature. In this case the topic will be factually based. The second type is cultural in nature.While essays on gender issues can deal with both kinds of subjects, the type of essay topic that is chosen depends on the specific course that the student is working on. However, both types of topics will deal with some form of scientific information. If the student wants to write an essay on a subject that deals with the scientific method, then the topic will also need to be based on fact.Gender stereotypes will o ften be present in the writing assignments that deal with homosexuality or sexual orientation. If the student wants to write an essay on gender roles and social constructions, then the stereotypical attitudes and beliefs that make up gender roles will be an important part of the topic. Students may not like the fact that there are both issues, but they need to think about the impact that both can have on society.Gender issues are an important part of today's society. Without acknowledging this fact, society may quickly change and become unrecognizable. Essays on gender may include both scientific and sociological information, but it is not necessarily incorrect to have a discussion about one without the other.

Argumentative Essay Topics and Examples

Argumentative Essay Topics and ExamplesArgumentative essay topics and examples should be able to be using to get the point across quickly and effectively. When an essay is made up of a mixture of both factual and descriptive information, it is possible to lose sight of this fact as well as being able to get carried away with words that are easy to use and yet do not add anything to the piece.The successful argumentative essay topics and examples list should be able to give good examples that can be used in order to bring together the best aspects of each argument in order to give a clear picture of the point being made. The point being made is the central theme that should be known when writing an essay and when it is properly set out there is no doubt about the validity of the argument. An effective argumentative essay topic and examples list will provide a good grounding for all other information within the essay.If the subject matter has been researched and the facts have been kno wn, then using a list of argumentative essay topics and examples can really help to make the whole thing easier to deal with. By using lists of the most common subjects that are commonly argued about, the facts can be brought together in order to provide a central theme which is readily recognisable. This means that the essay will be more easily understood by the reader and when it comes to tackling the essay subject matter, there will be little room for error in terms of a lack of proper facts and evidence.The main topic can be highlighted by using the example which will be given on the list of arguments. It will be important to take this step very seriously as it is quite easy to use the example incorrectly and therefore to lose the point of the argument when it is discussed.There should be a clear idea of the major points which are being covered in the argument and the writer can then proceed to describe the various facts that they have uncovered within the essay. By making sure that the information supplied within the essay is correct and is correctly matched to the main argument, then this means that the essay will be able to be read more easily and a better comprehension of the argument will be achieved.When all of the facts and supporting information are gathered together, the essay can then be formed into a cohesive whole that all of the points can be supported and the main idea can be covered. The essay should not be written off as a complete failure because of an argumentative essay topics and examples list, but rather the problem lies in the lack of concise and clear analysis of the information.A well-written essay does not require an argumentative essay topics and examples list, and the argument should be well defined within the essay itself. The subject should be known and analysed and then the arguments supporting it should be presented, helping to make sure that the essay flows well and when the essays main focus is looked at carefully, the essa y should come to the conclusion that the author wishes to reach.It is possible to make an essay that is completely free of arguments, but it is important to be able to recognize what arguments are needed for a clear and concise essay. The argumentative essay topics and examples list should be part of the academic writing package and in order to avoid any mistakes occurring in the middle of the project, it is necessary to get the topics and examples written correctly.

Scenario Analysis Funding the Homeless - 775 Words

Background and Issue Issue takes place in a middle class suburban area in the NE part of the United States. The central argument surrounds a building planning board that is tasked to bring a federally funded homeless shelter into a suburban township area. Advocates for the shelter have already done preliminary work and presented plans for a 200 room, hotel style arrangement that provides privacy, showers, etc. Many of these individuals are working, but women and children of a class known as the working poor. Those opposed are worried about a number of emotional issues: crime, property values, perception of the area around the hotel, etc. The scenario surrounds the Board meeting that will decide the fate of the shelter. Members of the Board and their Psychogramographics Name Demographics Psychographics Henry White Male Worked all his life, believes homeless just need a handout and are too lazy to receive a HS education. Kelly White Female Questions whether it is societys job to take care of women who have children they have trouble supporting. Larry White Male Does have compassion for the poor and homeless to help them get on their feet. Jon Asian Male (Korean) Worried about property values and economic issues. Adem Asian Male (East Indian) Questions allocation of Federal funds, would rather they go to schools. Analysis Only one member of the group is even open to the idea of the Homeless Center. To even make a case, one would need to appeal toShow MoreRelatedCombating Homelessness With Affordable Housing1338 Words   |  6 Pagesaffordable options, thus causing them to languish in homeless shelters, transitional housing, or the streets. Homelessness is a costly and inadequately handled societal problem. The cost of homelessness comprises prison, hospitalization, medical treatment, police intervention and emergency shelters. Sherry Menor-McNamara, Chief Operating Officer of the Chamber of Commerce, of Hawaii approximates that it takes $1,500 to $3,000 to service a single homeless person in Hawaii. Breaking it down, it is $420Read MoreChild And Family Services Improvement And Innovation Act Of 20111225 Words   |  5 Pagesis individuals with higher incomes can meet all these requirements and still pose as a danger to a child in care. We want to ensure the policy as written protects children from abusive or neglectful individuals regardless of their income. My case analysis involves a young male in the 8th grade that was residing with a wealthy foster care parent. He was found to be malnutrition that directly impacted his success in the classroom. He attended school with no direction, just wandering the halls. He wasRead MoreCase Study Analysis: Personal and Organizational Ethics and Values1962 Words   |  8 PagesCase Study Analysis: Personal and Organizational Ethics and Values Angela Haven PHI 445 Personal and Organizational Ethics Safiyyah Al-Amin September 30, 2012 Case Study Analysis: Personal and Organizational Ethics and Values In this scenario, I play an ethnographic researcher that is writing a case study for a popular organizational behavior research journal. My purpose is to identify key problems related to business ethics in a Not-for-Profit and For-Profit organization. My personalRead MoreThe High Rates Of Homelessness Essay2377 Words   |  10 Pagesis what s creating this latest increase of being homeless. As long as the County has a high cost of living and low wages, San Diego will continue on having homelessness Crisis. This raises an equally important topic for discussion is: how efficiently is San Diego using existing funds and investing them to address this crisis? It would be helpful to see a budget analysis showing how the various agencies in the city and county are managing the funding they already have received, and compare it to whatRead MoreHow a City Slowly Drowned1697 Words   |  7 Pageshave put greater pressure on the local officials and the federal government to make changes in the law and take actions before the hurricane hit New Orleans, make them take care of the worst case scenario, not the Category 3 hurricanes. It would also be a good option if NGOs could make an independent analysis of the environmental situation in the area, involve the experienced specialists from other countries to the projects, and get their advice before letting the Corps implement anything in the areaRead MoreBest Practice Research For New Projects2102 Words   |  9 Pagespractice research will help in the planning process of a permanent supportive housing community in Little Rock. The research has shown permanent supportive housing communities have been implemented throughout the United States and been successful. The analysis and information has helped to create a need for the emulation of similar program across the nation. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA), a subset of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, has createdRead MoreHurricane Katrin The Worst Environmental Catastrophe Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pagesand hazardous substance spills are likely to add to the adverse impacts. Of more importance, the impact was on people and animals. About 1/10 of people found out upon their return that their homes had been destroyed. The storm also killed or made homeless 600,000 pets. In order to prevent all of these damages, after Hurricane Katrina devastated the New Orleans area in 2005, Congress appropriated more than $14 billion to provide an infrastructure system capable of addressing risk from future floodingRead MoreThe Community Support Forum ( Csf )4759 Words   |  20 PagesCommunity Support Forum (CSF) COMP 1645 Requirement Analysis Contents 1.1 Section A - Introduction 2 1.1.1 Rich Picture 3 1.1.2 Key identifying the symbols/signs used 4 1.1.3 The actors/stakeholders who are involved in the rich picture. 5 1.1.4 The system that needs to be developed 7 1.1.5 The cultures and sub cultures 7 1.1.6 Issues from Individual 7 1.2 Section B1 ? Use Case Diagram 8 1.2.1 Document of the Use Case Diagram 9 1.3 B3 Primary Scenario 13 1.4 B4 Result of Undertaking Sections B1 to B3Read MoreAid for the Haiti Tragedy Should Be Audited and Accounted for2670 Words   |  11 Pagesresiding there may be more; given that the Haitians do not offer census there. Homeless in the Capital alone is an issue the aide relief groups look to solve by providing tents with no time structure for these families to leave for better stable homes. My paper will focus on the Aide that is supposed to help Haiti is Aide Working in Haiti? That’s the question that should be posed. Haitians do not offer census in Haiti. Homeless in the Capital alone is at its ultimate high after the devastating JanuaryRead MorePerspectives On Foster Care System2194 Words   |  9 Pages Marsh 1 Mariah Marsh 11/12/14 Professor Molly Tetrault Analysis Paper Perspectives on Foster Care In the past few decades there has be an increasing amount of children placed in the foster care system. With the amount of rising teen pregnancies and maternal drug abuse means increasing numbers of infants abandoned at birth. There have been many cases of child abuse or neglect that have been on

The Syrian Civil War - 2000 Words

The precursor to the Syrian Civil War dates back to when Hafez al-Assad, a Baathist, seized power through a coup d’à ©tat in 1970. Since 1970 Syria is a semi-presidential republic, with Bashar al-Assad as the current president and head of state. Conversely, Hafez groomed his charismatic son, Bassel, as the future president of Syria, while Bashar lived under the shadow of his elder brother. Bashar in comparison to his brother was an intellectual and exhibited a quiet and reserved demeanour. However, in 1994, Bassel was killed in a car accident, and as a result, Bashar, who was a physician specialized in ophthalmology, was recalled back to Damascus from England. Bashar was then quickly enrolled in a military academy in Homs and rose to the†¦show more content†¦Antigovernment movements broke out in early 2011 with the Arab Spring. The Syrian government has used brute force, even illegal chemical weapons, to suppress protests. Armed resistance to the regime arose in the summer as soldiers defected from Assad and established the Free Syrian Army consequently. The main belligerents consist of the Syrian Army, the Syrian National Defense Force, Shabiha, Hezbollah, and Iran, whilst the opposing parties consist of Syrian National Council, Syrian National Coalition, Islamic Front, Mujahideen, Al-Nusra, Syrian Kurds, and Islamic State of Iraq (ISIL) and the Levant. International reactions in regards to the Syrian Civil War vary from support of al-Assad’s regime to advocating the government dissolve. Currently, the Assad regime controls Damascus, and most of the provincial capitals in the West of Syria, whilst the rebellion has large swathes of land to the East and North. The Syrian Civil War has evoked divided opinion from international leaders, with Western powers such as the United States, supporting the rebels, whilst superpowers Russia and China support Assad’s regime. As a result, a contemporary proxy war has emerged. This paper will e xamine the different perspectives global leaders have on the Syrian Civil War, and consequently their actions towards the conflict. The Western powers discussed in this treatise are some of the key nations enveloped in the conflict: United States of America, Israel, and

Analysis Of John Milton s The Of Paradise Lost

Adam and Eve’s Dilemma in Eden The tragic fall of humankind could be considered heroic according to well-known author John Milton. Book IX of Paradise lost portrays this sense of heroism through the sins of Adam and Eve, but also creates a sense of controversy through the unexpected personality swap between Satan and of God. This literary work is a major contribution to biblical and literary history; therefore a reason why this work is still read today. The poem must turn tragic, and Milton asserts his intention to show this great fall is more heroic than the tales of Virgil and Homer because of the humanity scope it entails. The word tragic has two meanings in Milton’s mind. First, it carries the meaning of something terrible or bad. Since before the Middle Ages, Christians have considered the fall of Adam and Eve a tragic story. On the other hand, tragic also refers to the literary concept of tragedy. â€Å"However, throughout Paradise Lost, Milton more often portray s Hell and Paradise as states of mind— the seat of these emotions† (Silverman, 85). He invokes Urania, the Celestial Patroness, and asks for her to inspire his words during his sleep. He values her guidance because he fears he is too old and lacks the creativity needed to accomplish the task all alone. He hopes to remain focused on his ultimate and divine task of portraying this story in a new light. Throughout Book IX of Paradise Lost, Milton creates a sense of moral dilemma through sympathizing with the DevilShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1852 Words   |  8 Pagesliterary merit. Do not merely summarize the plot. (2010 AP Literature and Composition) Disobedience and Exile an Analysis of Satan from Milton’s Paradise Lost John Milton’s epic poem, Paradise Lost, has been the subject of criticism and interpretation through many years; these interpretations concur in that Adam and Eve are the sufferers of the poem, and it is their blight to lose Paradise because of their disobedience; however, their exile is merely a plight brought by Satan, and it is he who suffersRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost Essay2201 Words   |  9 PagesEve’s story arc in Paradise Lost, by John Milton, is a bildungsroman, the German word for a â€Å"novel of education.† Eve develops through the five stages of a typical bildungsroman character, as demonstrated by several different works from the genre. It will be useful to discuss several different bildungsromans from different eras and regions to fully determine the necessary characteristics of a bildungsroman, like The Odyssey, To Kill a Mockingbird, David Copperfield, Adventures of Huckleberry FinnRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Para dise Lost 1499 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing, an epic hero if that being has done what is required. In John Milton’s, â€Å"Paradise Lost†, the character of Satan presents itself as an epic hero, Milton tests that the character of Satan forces the reader to consider the possibility that Satan may actually be a hero, or at the very least, a character worth seeing in a more complex light. This along with the following examples are all showing how the character of Satan in â€Å"Paradise lost†, can be view and is viewed as an epic hero thought the novelRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1071 Words   |  5 Pages Writing AP Exam Essays Advanced Placement English Literature Composition Name Juan Linares Major Work Data Page Paradise Lost Writer/Nationality John Milton/ UK 1608-1674 Theme/Meanings of the work as a whole Disobedience plays a key role in the unfolding of Milton’s poem. Satan disobeys God because God gave him free will, and causes Eve to disobey Adam, to disobey God. Justification of God. Death must happen to the world but because of the Son, DeathRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1035 Words   |  5 PagesSatan is the first figure to speak in Milton’s poems in Paradise Lost. His words to Beelzebub are the sort of utterances a politician would make to his party members after a defeat. It combines convincement with the virtue of emotional manipulation. Satan’s words shift like a dream from expression of grief and sympathy to the restatement of united defiance, to which Beelzebub replies unconsciously. Milton creates this shift so subtly that it is hardly noticed and highlights through this that theRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 869 Words   |  4 PagesIn his epic, Paradise Lost, Milton entertains the reader with his version of how one of the greatest falls of humanity occurred. Although many would consider God or Adam and Eve as the main characters in a story like this, the main character of this epic is truly Satan. Satan is shown as a strong and powerful character who is completely overwhelmed with emotions which create a type of hell in his mind; even when he is in heaven, he cannot escape his true life. Satan’s desire for vengeance on God’sRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1606 Words   |  7 PagesIn books one, two, four and nine of Paradise Lost, Milton portrays Satan as heroic, introducing freedom and reason to the minds and lives of humanity. Satan allows his subservient fallen angels, as well as Adam and eve to recognize authority, reason and the true meaning of freedom. The beginning of the story is told through Satan’s point of view, making him the first empathetic character the reader is introduced to. From the very beginning of Book One, Satan explains how him and other fellow angelsRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost1442 Words   |  6 Pages(Name) (Instructor) (Course) (Date) Heroism in John Milton’s Paradise Lost There are many definitions of a hero, and establishing the hero in John Milton’s Paradise Lost has been object to scholarly debate. One definition of a hero is that by Aristotle, who defined a hero as a person who is divine and superhuman. However, other definitions encompass the aspect of virtue in heroism. Despite all the definitions for a hero, it remains factual that a hero would be someone that the readers would delightRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1253 Words   |  6 Pages Students often read John Milton’s works with great difficulty; he is determined to have his audience know his goals and how important his writing is through epic metaphors and masterful language. In Paradise Lost, he tells his audience that this will the epic to end all epics and that this is the most important tale of all mankind: the fall of Man. Comparatively, Alexander Pope used the same style of epic not to tell an important tale, but to question much of the life of ar istocracy in his timeRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1767 Words   |  8 Pagesthat won the support of the writer John Milton. Milton was known for his rhetorical writings against Charles I and for Oliver Cromwell at the time. It would not be until after the fall of Cromwell that Milton would complete his greatest work of literature however. When the Protectorate fell and Charles II rose to power in 1660, Milton was forced into hiding for fear that he would be punished for his involvement with Cromwell. This would actually benefit Milton for it was when he was in hiding that

School Vouchers The Wrong Choice Essay Example For Students

School Vouchers: The Wrong Choice Essay School Vouchers: The Wrong ChoiceSusie is a young girl who lives in Florida. Since kindergarten, she has attended a nearby private school. Her parents willingly pay her tuition, even though doing so forces them to cut other corners. They do not mind these sacrifices, since they know that their daughter is getting the best education they can give her. Jesse lives downtown, in the inner city. She attends the local public school and struggles through her classes. Her mother would like to send her to a private school, where there is less violence and a calmer atmosphere, but cannot afford it. Then, Jesse’s mother learns that a voucher system has put into place for the entire state of Florida. Jesse’s inner city, spray-painted elementary school received a failing status, so she can receive a voucher to attend the school of her choice. With the money she receives from the voucher, Jesse’s mother is able to send her daughter to the same private school that Susie attends. Is it fair that Susie’s parents pinch pennies while Jesse’s mother send her on the bus for free? While meaning well, does the voucher system inadvertently discriminate against children like Susie whose parents must work extra hours to put their children through private school? Is the voucher system really the answer to the problems with American education today, or a way to transfer them somewhere else?American public schools have always had their flaws. In the nineteenth century, colleges complained of under-prepared freshmen; students who could not write an essay or even spell. A main controversy was bilingual education for newly naturalized immigrants. As America entered the early 1900s, the debate turned to the use of entertainment in the classroom. Teachers felt that they must put on a show in order to keep the attention of their pupils. The abandonment of phonics in the 1920s and 30s was believed to be the reason why the job market consisted of those with inadequa te educational preparation. Social promotion and the replacement of the â€Å"three R’s† with emotional stability and attitude courses were the causes of concern in the 1940s. The 1950s brought an awareness of low standards. It was found that American children were lagging behind the average standards of the rest of the world. Safety in schools also became an issue; incoming teachers were warned of the â€Å"physical courage† necessary to teach. Illiteracy became the main focus on the 1960s and 70s. Phonics (or the lack thereof) was once again to blame (Rothstein 2). Now, at the beginning of a new century, what problems have been fixed? Illiteracy is still high, American standards are still low, and graduates are still unprepared. Each generation feels that schools are worse than the generation before. America has been attempting to solve the problems with its education system for 200 years, but nothing has changed. According to Rothstein:Schools are not up to the task of readying young people for the challenges of the next century. An apparently watered down curriculum ensures that all students, regardless of whether they have mastered necessary skills, can graduate. â€Å"Social promotion† without requirements to master grade-appropriate skills is now commonplace, so even elite colleges must run â€Å"remedial† courses for freshmen in basic math and literacy, and business executives complain that high school graduates are ill-prepared for even relatively unskilled jobs (2). Are these complaints not the same ones that appeared a century ago? Improvement is desperately needed, but where should it start? Cleveland, Milwaukee, and the state of Florida have suggested an answer: a school voucher system. Voucher proponents believe that the system which they support is a starting place. Voucher proponents across the nation believe that through this program, which places the burden of improvement upon schools, progress can be made. The voucher system recently implemented in Florida is built around competition. The public schools have standards which they must uphold. Each year the state gives each school a letter grade which rates that school’s ability to keep the given standards. If the school receives an â€Å"F,† it stands to lose a great deal of its student body because of vouchers. This failing grade qualifies the children enrolled in the school to participate in the voucher program, giving each student between $3000 and $4000 to attend a priv ate school (Kaczor 1). In theory, the system appears to be a well-planned step in the right direction. By penalizing â€Å"failing† schools and providing for their students, it seems progress could be made. Voucher proponents believe that by giving schools grades, each one will strive to be the best, receive an â€Å"A,† and gain a higher enrollment. However, will it really make a large impact upon the innumerable problems which exist in today’s education system? This year, only two of Florida’s 2500 public schools received a failing grade. And, in these two schools, only 52 students chose to participate in the state’s voucher system (Kaczor 1). While 52 children may be having a better school year, what about the hundreds of others across the state suffering from a poor education? Certainly, those 52 students are not the only ones in the state of Florida who were receiving a less than adequate education. Yet, the state granted approximately $200,00 0 to support the voucher system. If that money had been given to the schools, they could improve themselves, so that they were no longer considered â€Å"failing.† Instead, they were penalized by a drop in enrollment. How then can a failing school be expected to improve? As soon as it receives such a stigma, its students leave and funding is terminated. Ralph Neas, president of People for the American Way, told the press, â€Å"The voucher program is costing millions of dollars that would be better spent on improving education for the majority of Milwaukee’s schoolchildren† (Whitmire 1). The voucher system implements a great amount of tax dollars to aid a relatively small number of students. While seeming to neutralize problems in American education, it simply creates more by denying failing schools the chance to improve. There is another major loophole in the voucher system: there is no way to calculate if any improvement has been made in the academic performan ce of students using vouchers. A comparison between public and private school students’ achievements is prevented because each uses different tests. In Cleveland, where an inner-city voucher system, is in place, researchers have reached no clear conclusions about the program’s effectiveness (Whitmire 1). Without this information, there is no way to determine if giving children a voucher brings scholastic improvement. There are definite problems with the American education system; problems the nation has battled for more than a century. Reform is needed, but the school voucher system is not the answer. If the plan would go nation-wide, 50 million children would be dropped at the doorsteps of private schools. Currently, only 10 percent of families send their children to private schools (Tyack 2). This small number of elite schools could not possibly accommodate the boom in enrollment caused by student with vouchers. What then? It is very likely that private schools would spring up overnight in response to the sudden number of children seeking to use government money at private schools. Who can guarantee that these schools will be of a better quality than the public schools which came before them (Roberts, Glenn 22)? If the voucher system were implemented, public school, as they are currently known, would cease to exist. The tax dollars necessary to fund public school improvements and the voucher system simultaneously do not exist. .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486 , .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486 .postImageUrl , .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486 , .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486:hover , .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486:visited , .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486:active { border:0!important; } .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486:active , .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486 .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uffdb8a5fb9a6eaeaf18962b568ee4486:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Julius Caesar: Marcus Brutus Character Analysis EssayOur public schools need immediate attention to the condition of their physical plants, the training of their teachers (many of whom teach in areas which they have no special expertise), the size of their classes and the equipment and supplies they need, and the quality of their hopes for the children entrusted to them. They need the money that vouchers would bleed away (Roberts, Glenn 23). Instead of taking this money away form the nation’s failing schools, it should be pumped into them and put to work. Education tax dollars should be put to work solving the problems in American schools. The voucher system is an escape out the back door. It simply transfers all of the issues out of the public schools, placing them in the hands of the private community. Education Essays

The Good Person of Szechwan Essay Example

The Good Person of Szechwan Paper Extract pg 105-108: As a director, discuss how you would stage the extract in order to bring out your interpretation of it for an audience. Your answer should include justified suggestions for the direction of your cast, and for the design of the piece as appropriate to the style of the play. In this extract, the play reaches its climax, in a typically epic sequence where the audience finally see a collapse of Shen Tehs facade under the pressure of her guilt for not obeying their instruction to be good to others, and instead choosing to follow the precept of being good to oneself. It is in this sequence that Shen Teh finally reveals and explains the reasons behind her falsification of the character of Shui Ta, and due to the very Brechtian nature of this act, as I a director I would want to complement this with a very epic style of acting (Shen Teh is essentially presenting her case, much as an epic actor presents their character). As the director, I would have the gods sitting on a raised level in this section, in order to show their distanced relationship both with Shui Ta, and the situation in Szechuan (they care fairly little for the actual lives of the people, and merely wish to fulfil their task), and how disconnected they are from reality. In order to achieve this, I would use the put the sofa from Shen Tehs shop, and have it lifted onto the counter, and then use the unit of shelving as a desk. We will write a custom essay sample on The Good Person of Szechwan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Good Person of Szechwan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Good Person of Szechwan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This would be positioned with the Gods backs to the stage right flat (rather than face on to the audience), in order to open up sight lines for when Shen Teh has to adress the Gods (however I would instruct certain parts of this to be directed to the audience anyway). In my interpretation, I would want the Gods to be presented in the guise of archetypal Southern American businessmen, who are looking for good people as evidence that the area is worth investment. My reason for wanting to do this is to highlight the reality of how much power the Gods have, as Brecht makes it clear throughout the play that they are comparatively minor beings who answer to higher powers, and who are in fact entirely fallible and flawed in many ways (for example the first god admits I know nothing of business – a fundamental failing for someone in his position). Moreover, Americas symbolic status as the heartland of Capitalism, and its history of propagating capitalism around the world fits with the fact that emergent capitalism is clearly apparent in Szechuan, as well as the fact that in spite of their high ideals, good people cannot survive in the capitalist world (which in itself brings into question whether the Gods are good people themselves). In addition to this, I would want each God to speak in an American accent and to have a distinguishing piece of eye-wear; the first would have a rose-tinted monocle, the second a pair of sapphire tinted spectacles, and the third a black-tinted pince-nez, that by this point in the play will be left hanging on a gold chain around his neck (he will have removed it in the previous scene on the line our commandments seem fatal). The reason I would want to do this is to make clear the distinctions between the Gods that I have observed through my reading of the text, through the colouring of the glass. To me it appeared that the first God was the most idealistic of the three, thinking predominantly in abstract, absolute ideals (hence the rose-tinted glass). The second, whilst equally adherent to the idea of the precepts, is more pessimistic, blaming the inherent weakness of man for the lack of goodness in Szechuan (hence the sapphire tint). The third also sees things in a black and white attitude initially, and fails to realise the complexity of applying absolute ideals in the real world; however in the scene prior to this extract, he realises that the world is at fault, not necessarily its inhabitants (hence the black tinted pince-nez, which he is no longer wearing by this point). The first moment at which I would want Shen Tehs performance as Shui Ta to falter would be on the line I cannot hold out any longer. Here, Shui Ta would not immediately revert back to being Shen Teh, but as a director I would have him shut his eyes, lower his head and drop his shoulders (almost as if he were being forced down by the pressure Shen Teh is feeling). As he then says Illustrious Ones, I have recognised you! I would have him look back up, wide-eyed and speaking in an earnest tone and with Shen Tehs voice and posture. A few moments later, when Shen Teh reveals herself, I would have her only remove her mask, and not have Shui Ta rip(s) away his costume. My reason for this is that I would not want Shui Ta to change back into Shen Teh (the reverse of which the audience has already seen in the Song of the Defencelessness of the Good and the Gods) – rather I would want the inherent falsity of the character of Shui Ta to be made plain, and by allowing the gods and the audience to observe Shen Teh in the sharp, western attire of Shui Ta, it will highlight Shen Tehs artifice. This practice of allowing the audience to see past the theatricality of the play is one that is key to Brechts theories about the Verfremdunseffekt, in which the audience should be kept at a distance from, or made strange to the action, in order to allow them to observe the plot and its message objectively. In her monologue to the Gods, Shen Teh is essentially attempting to explain herself and her actions to the Gods – and also sub-textually to the audience, who have as yet to be given a direct explanation (even though much of what she says has already been made plain within the action). As such, I would direct Shen Tehs tone to be imploring and sincere in her idealism – which never falters, even upon her realisation that to achieve them in her world is impossible (as opposed to Wang who tries to persuade the Gods to change their precepts, rather than change the world – as Shen Teh wishes they would do). However, tempering this remorse for the fact that she was forced to stray from the path of good, should be undercurrents of indigence and even anger at points, over the injustice of the world. For example, the lines in which Shen Teh switches to use of the masculine pronoun – He who gives help†¦is lost for his own part†¦who could hold himself back – I would want to be more in the style of Shui Ta – her posture should stiffen, and her voice should take on a harsher tone. However, this should be broken on the line, But that was my downfall, at which point she will look down and speak in a softer tone – which will then take on an almost fraught tone on the line forced me into the sludge, which relates back to the apparently prophetic dream Wang related to the Gods earlier in the play. Upon Shen Tehs conclusion to her speech, I would want the first God to deliver his line Speak no further you unhappy creature! , with his head turned away, his eyes tightly shut, and his hand stretched out in front of him, as if shielding himself from this sight of Shen Teh. My reason for this is that I would want to make it appear as if he is almost trying to shield himself from the truth, which he does not want to accept. Similarily a few moments later, when he says A misunderstanding! A few unfortunate incidents. One or two hard-hearted neighbours! A little too much zeal! , he should first slap his hand on the desk, and then wave his hand as if wafting away the truth that he does not want to hear. I would want to do this to show the fact that the Gods still remain unable to reconcile the goodness of Shen Teh with the ruthlessness of Shui Ta, and therefore are unable to understand the fundamental problem with society. Anther point I would wish to emphasize in this last scene is Wangs entrance. I would want him to be leading the crowd of people back into the courtroom as an almost prophetic figure, given the manner in which he has been mans link to the Gods throughout the play. I would have the Gods standing on three rope ladders, that will have descended from the gods on the line Only be good, and all will be well (an ironic line that shows the Gods to have learnt nothing about the complexity of Shen Tehs case), and Wang will kneel before them – raising his hands up as he says show your respect – then beckoning the others to join him on their knees. A few moments later in the Trio of the Vanishing Gods on Their Clouds, I would want the Gods, accompanied by a piano playing in the pentatonic scale (in which most typically oriental-style music is written), so sing the song at a pace that is slightly faster than appropriate to be dignified, ending on a discordant harmony that does not indicate that the song has actually finished (making the ending very abrupt). I would want to do this as in my view the Gods are eager to depart Szechuan (as they say – all to long on earth we have lingered), and in their haste they are essentially leaving matters entirely open ended and unfinished, which is why I would want the song to end in this way. For the last image of the extract, I would have the Gods lifted out of sight on their rope ladders, in order to highlight their haste and how alien Szechuan is to them (the action being reminiscent of people being air lifted or rescued from somewhere they have been stranded). As they disappear, the Player will emerge and pull the half curtain across the rest of the characters, concealing them, and whatever action that may have followed.

Introduction to Political Science Essays

Introduction to Political Science Essays Introduction to Political Science Essay Introduction to Political Science Essay Name: Instructor: Class: Date: Introduction to Political Science Immigration has been a very sensitive issue since history. However, immigration has faced a lot of criticism over the years due to the different stances that countries or governments hold on certain people or religions because they associate them with terrorism. Based on such assumptions countries have been forced to adopt measures that vary from one country to another in efforts of securing the countries and the populace. However, such actions have not been devoid of any criticism because they are considered to be retrogressive and infringe on rights of people by racially profiling them and forcing them to undergo cumbersome security systems to prove that they are no harm. Illegal immigrants are currently identified by their race to determine their origin. In the current modern world, the Middle East has been under alienating the races in such countries based on the beliefs that the Middle Eastern people or Muslims are solely responsible for terror activities, which have led to the adoption of stringent rules for traveling .The Middle East citizens travel with fear because they are usually suspected of terror activity. John Rawls developed a theory of the view that we should have equal liberties and social and economic inequalities should be in way that they provide the best benefits to those who are least disadvantaged in society. Justice is the heart of social institutions and they must be subjected to reform and be abolished so that they do not become biased .in addition different people have varying definitions of justice and thus they should know the ways of assigning equal justice and the distribution of the benefits and burdens of cooperation in the society. Natural justices seems o have a different concept based on the different meanings to different people even thought the sole aim is the provision of justice. An institution is considered just if it does not make distinctions between people and exercises balance among people of all lifestyles. Hence, no one should be at a disadvantage or advantage due to their social or natural fortune in the course of justice. In addition, some principles of justice are justified because they are at times agreed upon during situations of equality. Publius is the false name given to the amending and authorization of the constitution of the United States of America. This gives rise to the opinion that amending the constitution for the greater good of the American population. The fight for popularity is greater than the fight for public good. Moreover the vitality of the government is important to the security of liberty of the people and the state itself .The ambition or zeal with which the government fights for the right of the people is dangerous because of its firmness and efficiency. The constitution should prevent the rule by a group of individuals after their won selfish interests and focus on the large public domain .The ratification process of the constitution is plagued by the power hungry who seek to keep the status quo for their benefits. Augustine calls for association with one another irrespective of our differences based on formation by God. Puts forth the opinion that we are all equal in God’s eyes as he made us all from the same origin thus we should not have difference amongst ourselves. The human race is deterred from doing bad things by laws. Considers punishment is because of going against the laws. Aquinas classifies the man into two societies, one that wishes to live after the flesh and the other that wishes to live after the spirit. Those who live after the flesh do so because the put man’s bodily pleasure are defined as epicurean philosophers whereas those who wish to live after the spirit put the good of men in the soul such that the goodness lives after the spirit. He considers that a man who loves God should love doing good and hate doing evil. States that there is no man who is born evil, we become evil by vice and it should not be hated as people themselves, but the vices should be hate d. No one hates peace, but those who fight want peace that suits them. In addition, if a man fails to follow God’s ways his soul cannot control neither the body nor the vices that are within him, thus it becomes difficult to prescribe any justice to such a man. Immigrants should be judged on their individual deeds and not communal. Those who do wrong should be punished adequately according to their mistakes. The Middle East is made up of evil and good people thus a blanket condemnation would not be sufficient to reprimand those that are responsible for the evil deeds. However, we are all considered equal before the eyes of God. This is very true because the only differences that arise are our races nothing more. Hence laws should be general and not be based on communities or religions. Aquinas tries to provide reasoning between faith and politics in a world plagued by injustices in every level. Considers that politics should have positive role in the world and thus both faith and reason should work mutually for the benefit of the individuals who the law affects directly. Law should not be just a means to an end but it should be inclusive of sufficient reason to reach the result. Law should also provide the utmost happiness to the persons or community whom it affects, thus it should not be oppressive to the community but should be inclusive of the community to result in the greatest good. In relation to illegal immigration, the law should sufficiently bring the utmost peace and joy to that class or group of people whom the law affects directly. The law of controlling immigration should be reasonable such that it considers the individual as part of a community. The immigrants have aided in the growth of countries’ economies and the society’s diversity. Thus, the law should consider their contributions towards these countries. The effect of the law on the community should be for the common good. However, the question arises as to whom common good should affect. Is it the immigrant populace or is it the native population .These questions should formulate a response pattern for immigration issues with sufficient reasoning. What governs us all is the internal dictate based on what is right and wrong, the basis for this internal dictate is eternal law that governs the makers of the laws are beliefs on a superior being in the world. The formulation of the laws on immigration and the Middle East should be based on three dictates, which are human law, natural law and eternal law. Martin Luther explains that law has existed in the world since he beginning of the world through God’s will and ordinance. Luther is of the opinion that if the world were made up of only Christians there would be no need for law, as all would abide by the Christian values and the laws provided by God in the scriptures. Insists that there is no need for law for righteous people because they abide by the laws but for a society with unjust and unrighteous people, they need laws to govern their behavior and to force them to act in the right. If people who are not righteous were not bound by laws, the world would be in total chaos because people would act as they pleased, like savages or beasts as he describes them. Thus, the illegality or legality of immigration is of no consequences to real Christians because they are governed by the laws. True Christian immigrants should not be restricted because they pose no real threat as they are like sheep that follow their leader without question. However, he states that for the common world there should be stringent laws that should govern immigrants who are not Christians. The reason for this is that non-Christians do not follow the laws of God and thus they act as they please as if they were savages. For this reason, the Middle East, which is not a Christian region he states that they should be bound by, laws of the earth like an animal in chains to prevent them from devouring anything and everything around them. According to him adequate laws should be instituted to govern those that are not of the Christian faith to prevent them from going berserk in their ways, thus immigrants who are not Christians should be strictly be governed by stringent laws that would enforce rule and order. As for the Middle East profiling, it should exist to control the non-Christians from becoming wicked in their ways. The laws for Middle East profiling would act as deterrence from evil acts such as terrorism. I disagree with such sentiments because basing law would be tantamount to judging people, which is even against the Christian values that Luther has based his thinking on. Both righteous and non righteous are not pure and are bound to make mistakes or sin thus they should all be bound by the same laws as they are all equal before the laws. Aristotle is of the opinion that man is a political animal who is finds satisfaction in a political community. Considers both man and woman as two different entities .in addition a city must aim at the highest good and the people can only achieve the good things of life if they live as citizens of the state. Moreover, he recognizes the citizenship of a person as being the holder of an office of administering power and justice and lays claim that the identification of a city lies with the Aristotle considers that all the associations in society are formed for the greater good. He defines that a constitution exists in six forms, three, which are unjust, and three, which are just. He later explains that a constitution is just if it benefits those around the society and it is unjust when it aids only the ruling class. He states that when a small class of people rules, the constitution becomes aristocratic when the ruling class is good, but if the ruling class is bad the constitution becomes oligarchy. He acknowledged that there might be abuse of power if the ruling elite is granted full power to rule over the country. However, when the masses rule it becomes harder for occurrence of corruption and other abuses of power if the governing laws are given superior powers than the governing bodies. He puts forth a proposal that there should be distributive justice to enable different people to experience different levels of justice with regard to their contributions to the state. All the philosophers seem to agree on one point that the common good for a community begins with an individual .the individual contributes with his good deeds to the ov3erall goodness of the community and the state at large. Rawl seems to very relevant to the modern day whereby all the immigration and prejudice against the middle east is based on experiences with Muslims due to their activities which are associated with terror. He provides a strong basis for turning away from prejudices against people who are perceived to be different from the natives. He explicitly state that when God made all of us he did not consider and he will never consider us as different from one another but he views as the same in his image. All men are born of good hearts and none is bad, as we happen to pick up vices that corrupt our minds resulting in actions that are deemed as evil. The citizens in the Middle East have picked up vices, which have corrupted their minds to execute actions, which are not good for the human race. The world is an unjust place filled with all the vices that man cannot escape but an individual is tasked with choosing what he or she ought to do

Nakheel Communication Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nakheel Communication Strategy - Case Study Example Nakheel has so far undertaken its entire developmental works in Dubai only. After having consolidating its position in the real estate sector, the company has established Nakheel Hotels & Resorts, a new hotel and resort investment company since February 2006. With the kind of professionalism that Nakheel has displayed in the real estate business, it is sure to percolate down to this new venture as well. 'Communication' as such is defined as an art of developing an understanding between people, communities, societies, civilizations etc. Communication therefore forms a crucial part of managerial activities. Marketing communication in turn helps a company in building a brand, creating brand loyalties, increase in sales, cutting costs, etc. Dubai, a very attractive destination for anyone around the world, has been shaped by the beautiful developmental projects that Nakheel built on the reclaimed lands. Dubai market is a very diverse market in general which caters to customers/ consumers from different walks of life, different cultures, ethnic groups and age groups. There are very high profile customers that have expressed faith in the abilities of Nakheel. Having a satisfied customer base, in general, helps in spreading good words about the company. This forms part of the communication strategy of any organisation. In today's market driven economy concept, the art of communication to e xisting consumers as well as prospective consumers takes a great deal out of the managerial brain storming sessions. Some of the projects of Nakheel, like The Palm and The World have attracted people from different countries with varying degrees of interest. Buyers on The Palm Jumeirah include many high personalities like David Beckham, Michael Owen, and Shah Rukh Khan. These people, in a way become brand ambassadors for the company, which pays rich dividends in the long run. Now a days Corporations are supposed to remain in continuous touch with their customers, suppliers, bankers, government and the general public. This requires appropriate communication techniques with different groups or segments. Some of the communication happens to be casual, some is made to be informative while some other is designed to be persuasive (Kotler, 1974). If a company can master the art of communication, it can very well take on its competitors. Some of the videos that the company has put up on its website appear to be shot at interesting angles and are very appealing and attractive for anybody desirous of having a look at the company. Though it requires a good amount of money to produce such videos, which are rich in content and quality, but once produced, these types of corporate communication strategies prove to be worth the efforts. In order to remain in touch with its internal and external partners, Nakheel has developed a BrandHub, an easy-to-use project communicat ion tool. In order to leverage the economies of scale and operations, the company has strategic tie-ups with companies like The Trump Organization, IFA Hotels & Resorts, Kerzner International, Island Global Yachting, Greg Norman Golf Course Design, Taj Luxury Hotels, The Fairmont, Mvenpick, Kempinski, Jumeirah Hotel Operators etc. This way the company can forge a mutually beneficial

Need for Organizational Change Management at Kmart Assignment

Need for Organizational Change Management at Kmart - Assignment Example The annual sales thus achieved were in excess of $10 million. Even during periods of financial depressions and wars, this chain of retail stores stood out as a successful player by virtue of its ability to offer products at affordable prices. What is more, unlike other organizations it helped people sustain their families by offering them jobs. Despite the fact that prices have undergone numerous changes with the passing years, Kmart’s business philosophy remained the same – the company strongly believed that the best way to retain customers is by offering them â€Å"products they need at prices they can afford† (Sears Holdings Corporation-a, 2010). Over the decades Kmart has earned endless accolades that have augmented its position in the global retail sector, and during 1976 it created history â€Å"by opening 271 Kmart stores in one year, becoming the first-ever retailer to launch 17 million square feet of sales space in a single year† (Sears Holdings C orporation-a, 2010). However, the picture at Kmart has not been rosy all through. At the beginning of 2002, â€Å"the company filed for bankruptcy after its debt spiralled to more than $10 billion† (Kelly, 2004), and it has been reported that in the next two years the company had closed nearly 600 stores and laid off nearly 59000 employees. This incident helped Kmart make history yet again because the company had almost â€Å"$17.0 billion in assets at the time of their filing, making it the largest retailer the United States had ever seen declare bankruptcy† (Cole, 2002, p.2). In order to survive the financial plights, Kmart merged with Sears Roebuck in November 2004 following a deal worth $11 billion. Although the company is performing well and trying its best to â€Å"create long-term value in a deliberate and logical fashion, while remaining cognizant of the risks and challenges† (Sears Holdings Corporation-b, 2010), problems that still exist are pushing Kma rt to the back foot.  Ã‚  

Strategic Management Essay Example for Free

Strategic Management Essay Toyota Motor Corporation is a famous Japanese multinational corporation, and is considered the world’s second largest automaker of automobiles, trucks, buses, robots, and providing financial services. When Toyota and other Japanese carmakers entered the American market, they were not considered as a threat to the American auto industry because it was believed their cars had no appeal to American consumers However, in the 1970s, due to several problems like environmental regulations, and quality control issues with American cars, a good number of American car owners began searching for alternatives to poorly made American cars. In response to these changes, Toyota and other Japanese carmakers aggressively marketed their cars to Americans as being fuel-efficient, environmentally friendly, and having better build quality than American cars. In addition, Toyota marketed their cars with commercials involving young Toyota drivers jumping in the air. As a result, the Japanese’s marketing campaign along with continuing problems from the Big Three auto manufacturers, allowed import cars to make up about 20 percent of the US car market by 1980. Stage1. General Motors, Ford and Daimler-Chrysler focused in the late 1990s on mergers and acquisitions for improving their business positions to meet future challenges. Toyota, meanwhile, centered its business strategy on technological innovation and persistent environmental product development. The price of oil was not especially high during the 1990s when Toyota started its hybrid car program. Oil prices were below US $20 barrel in 1994 and were to fall to a 50-year low around 1997 when the Toyota Prius was first sold in Japan. Clearly something else was driving Toyota and other Japanese companies to invest so heavily in hybrid car development. There are three probable reasons: 1 . High petrol taxes in Japan, due to the Japanese government wanting to reduce the dependence of Japan on imported oil. While this would have certainly driven the Japanese development of hybrid cars, petrol was cheap in the key US market at this time. 2) The potential to gain a market advantage by developing the key technologies required to successfully commercialize hybrid cars, and then owning these developments via patents. 3) The expectation that ownership of these key fuel savings technologies would become very valuable when world oil prices rise from the lows of the mid-1990s, which was a fair long-term assumption to make during this period. Stage2: Decision Making Process: In 1994, the executive team acknowledged the potential threat of depleting oil reserves and climate change and change their strategy or products to meet the needs of future customers. Course of Action: Toyota set up a group tasked with meeting the challenge of creating a vehicle for the 21st century, which would work within the parameters of natural resource constraints and environmental issues. Commitment to course of action: Toyota pioneered the concept of Hybrid (petrol/electric) technology to mass produce the world’s first eco-efficient vehicle, the Toyota Prius. Evaluation of decision/re-engineering: The first prototype of the car had even faced starting problem. It took almost six months to roll the car. Finally, when the car started, it moved for a few yards only. It was hard to imagine that Toyota, which was known for its efficient production systems, was facing such trouble. Initially it felt that ‘Prius’ was a case of technological problems, impossible demands and multiple miscalculations. It proved how a great company could overcome obstacles and turn a dream into reality. Though ‘Prius’ represented only a small fraction of the nine million cars and trucks that the Japanese company planned to produce in 2006, it would be the first vehicle to provide a serious alternative to internal combustion engines, designed for a world of scarce oil and was branded as ‘The car for the future’. Stage3: Toyota carefully studied the US market and sees there is a growing oil crisis and foresees a need for change in the structure for cars, converting their needs to oil saving cars. While American car manufactures lacked producing such cars, then Toyota caught that opportunity and tried to occupy this niche market. By 2002, it was being sold in North America, Japan, Europe, Hong Kong, Australia and Singapore. Analysts opined that the demand for hybrid cars would rise because of the unstable oil prices and the growing need for environment friendly products. Post Evaluation By examining the external environment and acknowledging the potential threats of depleting resources and increased concern over environmental issues, Toyota have turned a threat into a business opportunity, boosting their reputation both as an environmentally conscious and as technological innovators and established themselves as leaders in this growing market. The car industry faces many complex issues, but the introduction of the Prius provided Toyota with a competitive advantage. RoadMap to the development Process of Toyota Prius. Stage1| Stage2| Stage3| Executive level| 1 Expressed concern about the future of the automobile2. Embarked a new project called G21 to the team3. Communicated the vision and priorities to the team| 1. The executive team acknowledged the potential threat of depleting oil2. Challenged the team for the innovation of new model using new technology| 1. Toyota unveiled the Prius in Japan in October 1997, two months ahead of schedule. 2. Made strategy plans for introducing cars to US and other prospective continents| Management and Team level| 1. Engaged in improving the existing internal combustion engine technology2. Started making refinements to the existing technology | 1. Team committed to the course of action using hybrid technology. 2. Came up with around 80 alternatives. 3. Identified numerous problems heat, reliability, noise, and cost. 4. Narrowed the list to four models. 5. After endless fussing and tweaking, the team finally reached 66 miles per gallon the 100% mileage improvement. | 1. Team has started putting efforts towards with second and third generation Prius. 2. Redesigned the model for making it more appealing to the consumers. | Marketing /Sales Team| 1. Identification of the growing oil prices. 2. Identification of Growing middle class around the world. | 1. Raised the concern that Premium price for the hybrid would make it impossible to sell. 2. Challenged with building consumer technology awareness. | 1. Devised new marketing ways to cut down dealership costs in US. 2. Devised new ways to boost the sales through internet, relied on grass-roots marketing, and public relations events|.

Essay --

Slaves wanted freedom. They wanted to get away from their malicious and abusive owners, reunite with their families, and have a chance at a new life. The Underground Railroad gave them that chance. Before the Underground Railroad, slaveholders became accustomed to the use of this cruel system in which they called slavery, where slaves were often treated worse than farm animals. Slaves were forced to live in terrible conditions, where they were crowded into poorly built huts, exposed to both the freezing cold and extreme heat, worked from sun up until sun down, and were malnourished. Slaves could also be subjected to torturous punishments at the will of his or her master or overseer. As a southern judge once decreed, â€Å"The power of the master must be absolute.† Slaveholders would even aim to break up slave families just so that their absolute control would never waver. (Landau) It is believed that the system of the Underground Railroad began in 1787 when a Quaker named Isaac T. Hopper started to organize a system for hiding and aiding fugitive slaves. The Underground Railroad was a vast, loosely organized network of people who helped aid fugitive slaves in their escape to the North and Canada. It operated mostly at night and consisted of many whites, but predominately blacks. While the Underground Railroad had unofficially existed before it, a cause for its expansion was the passage of the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act. The 1850 Fugitive Slave Act allowed for runaway slaves to be captured and returned within the territory of the United States and added further provisions regarding the runaways and imposed even harsher chastisements for interfering in their capture (A&E). The 1850 Fugitive Slave Act was a major cause of the development o... ...d and inspired blacks to do something about the situation that they were being given, and so they did. Blacks and whites came together to fight on the same side, to fight for the abolishment of slavery. This coming together is what caused the Underground Railroad to expand and evolve, but none of it would have ever happened, or at least not as fast as it did, without the passage of the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act which brought blacks and whites together. In this way the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act was a major cause of the development of the Underground Railroad because it caused people to realize just how cruel slavery was, which invoked an increase in the support and aid of the strong, free, black population, who were a crucial component to the Underground Railroad, as well as abolitionist and anti-slavery white, resulting in the expansion of the Underground Railroad.

Preparation of Cyclohexanol

Introduction: Cyclohexanol is mainly used in the production of caprolactam and adipic acid that is a raw material of nylon 6 (Zhang, et al, 2002). Cyclohexanol can be produce through several methods, which include the oxidation of cyclohexane, the hydration of cyclohexene, or the hydrogenation of phenol (Zhang, et al, 2002). Problem with oxidation of cyclohexene is poor selectivity, extremely large recycles and explosion hazards. (Suresh, Sridhar, Potter, 1988). The purpose of this experiment was to synthesis cyclohexanol by hydration of cyclohexene using concentrated sulphuric acid as an acidic catalyst.In hydration reaction, C=C B bond is replaced by hydroxyl group (Hornback, 2006). Overall reaction: (McFadden, 2012) In the first step, the mixture of water, concentrated sulphuric acid, and cyclohexene was shaken vigorously until it became a homogenous solution. Followed by, the addition of water, and the distillation process lead to the hydrolysis of the alkene. Finally, addition o f diethyl ether to the mixture then distillation took place to be purified and to obtain the final product, cyclohexanol (McFadden, 2012).Diethyl ether was used to extract alcohol from salt-water mixture because diethyl ethers solubility in water is lower than cyclohexanol which helps remove alcohol from the salt-water mixture (Merzougui, A, et al. , 2011). (McFadden, 2012) Cyclohexene is added to water-acid solution, which formed two liquid phases were due to insolubility of cyclohexene in water-acid solution. It is very important that mixture is mixed well to make a homogeneous solution and allow reaction to complete. Cyclohexene was reacted with water and with sulfuric acid to form protonated cyclohexanol and cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate.Protonated cyclohexanol and cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate are soluble in water-acid solution (McFadden, 2012). When this mixture is heated, cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate converts to protonated cyclohexanol which is equilibrium with cyclohexanol (McFad den, 2012). Moreover, distillation technique is used to separate components of a liquid mixture, where liquid is boiled to vaporize and then condensed back into liquid called distillate. Distillate components are collected with a lowest-boiling point to highest-boiling point.In this experiment, distillation is used to separate the organic compound from sulphuric acid solution; azeotrope of cyclohexanol and water is formed as distillate, it also contains some cyclohexene components. Azeotrope has a fix boiling point like a pure compound. Cyclohexanol is considerably soluble in water, so poor yield is expected (McFadden, 2012). Addition of sodium chloride to distillate solution improves the final product yield because it reduces the solubility of organic compound, and extracts cyclohexanol from aqueous phase. It is due to salt’s higher solubility than organic compound.Also, anhydrous potassium carbonate is used to absorb water and to neutralize any trace of acid. During distill ation of pure cyclohexanol, most of the product should be collected as temperature reaches 161? C (Weast, 1988). This experiment also introduces determination of the refractive index; it is one of the most convenient methods used to determine purity of liquid. It is a ratio of the sine of the angle formed when light ray is bent when passing from an air medium into a liquid medium; in other words it is a ratios of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the liquid medium.Refrective index (n) = C_vaccume/V_medium (McFadden, 2012). At 20Â °C, the expected refractive index of cyclohexanol is 1. 4641 (Weast, 1988). Procedure: The experiment was done in two parts. Part-A was hydration of the alkene, and Part-B was isolation and purification of the cyclohexanol. To perform hydration of alkene, 7. 0mL of water and then 14mL of concentrated sulphuric acid were added to a 125mL Erlenmeyer flask. After that, flask was placed in ice-bath until it was cold to touch. 16. 4g of cy clohexene was added to weighed 250mL round-bottom flask.In the same round-bottom flask, the chilled water-acid mixture was added. In order to mix the solution, the flask was vigorously shaken for 20 minutes. While shaking, regularly stopper was released to prevent any build-up of vapour pressure. After flask was vented and allowed it to stand without disturbing for about 5 minutes. Because two distinct layers appeared, continued shaking for extra 10 minutes until solution was homogeneous. Next, an additional 120mL of distilled water were added in homogeneous solution with addition of 3 boiling chips.The same round-bottom flask was then set onto a distillation apparatus, and started distillation. Distillate was collected into an 125mL Erlenmeyer flask, and boiling point range of azeotrope was noted. Subsequently, 25g NaCl was dissolved to the distillate, but not all salt was dissolved. After that, flask was covered with parafilm (McFadden, 2012). In the next lab, distillate mixture w as transferred to a separatory funnel. Distillation receiver flask was washed by 20mL diethyl ether, that diethyl ether was then transferred into the separatory funnel.Mixture was allowed to delayer for 3 minutes. Afterwards, bottom aqueous layer was drained into a aqueous waste beaker; and top ether layer was transferred in an another 50mL Erlenmeyer flask which contained 3g of anhydrous potassium carbonate, swirled and allowed the mixture to stand for 15 minutes. Next, no potassium carbonate but only liquid mixture was transferred to round-bottom flask for the distillation. Diethyl ether and cyclohexene were distilled and collected into a flask until it reached 120Â °C, and later discarded in an organic waste.As temperature reached 120Â °C, a clean, dry and pre-weighed flask was replaced to collect final product, cyclohexanol. As soon as flask was replaced, cold water was turned-off and hot water was turned on. Continued to distil until there was no liquid in the distillation fl ask, and boiling chips started to change colour. Small amount of residue was kept in distillation flask to prevent it from breaking. Finally, cyclohexanol was weighted and from small sample the refractive index was determined (McFadden, 2012). Result: Amount of cyclohexene used = 16. 40g = 16. 40g of C_6 H_10? 1/(82. 143 g/mol)=0. 9965=0. 1997mol of C_6 H_10 Limiting reagent is: Cyclohexene Bp range of azeotrope mixture: 85-95. 4Â °C Literature bp range of azeotrope mixture: 97. 8Â °C; edition: 53rd; page: D-16 Bp range of diethyl ether: 34. 6-41. 6Â °CLiterature bp range of diethyl ether: 34. 51Â °C; edition: 53rd; page: Bp range of cyclohexene: 82. 8-90Â °C Literature bp range of cyclohexene: 82-98Â °C; edition: 53rd; page: C-259 Bp range of pure cyclohexanol: 157-161. 0Â °C Literature bp range of cyclohexanol: 161. 1Â °C; edition: 53rd; page: C-257 Weight of pure cyclohexanol = 7. 1g Percent yield = (actual yield (g))/(theoretical yield (g))? 00%=7. 1g/20. 00g? 100%=35. 5 % Theoretical yield= (0. 1997mol of C_6 H_10)/? (1 mol of C_6 H_12 O)/(1 mol of C_6 H_10 )? (100. 158 g)/(1 mol of C_6 H_12 O)=20. 00g Refrective index of pure cyclohexanol: raw 1. 4643 at 21. 2Â °C Corrected 1. 4658 at 20Â °C Correcting refractive index: n_D^20=n_D^21+[0. 00045Â °C^(-1)? (21. 2-20Â °C)] =n_D^21+[0. 00045Â °C^(-1)? (1. 2Â °C) =1. 4643+[0. 00054] =1. 46484=1. 4648 Refractive Percent yield error: ((1. 4648-1. 4641))/1. 4641? 100%=0. 05% Literature refrective index of cyclohexanol: 1. 4641 at 20Â °C Edition of CRC: 53rd; page: C-257 Discussion:Before reaching a concrete conclusion, it is very important to interpret the result that was obtained in this experiment. In this experiment, cyclohexene was hydrated to produce cyclohexanol; because the direct hydration of cyclohexene is very slow, concentrated sulphuric acid as an acidic catalyst is used to speed up the reaction (McFadden, 2012). When cyclohexene was reacted with water and concentrated sulphuric acid, da rk homogenous solution was formed from colourless heterogeneous mixture. The reaction was cyclohexene ? protonated cyclohexanol + cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate. Both of hese products were soluble in water-acid solution, therefore reaction could go to completion (McFadden, 2012). Moreover, azeotrope of cyclohexanol and water was a positive azeotrope which means boiling point of azeotrope was less than the boiling point of cyclohexanol and water. Moreover, distillation process can prevent side reactions and by removing the products it shifts equilibrium on right hand side to increase percent yield; however, it is not enough to improve percent yield. Cyclohexanol is soluble in water; so addition of NaCl forces cyclohexanol to leave aqueous phase into organic phase.By reducing its solubility in water, NaCl molecules were holding water molecules. It is due to NaCl’s stronger attraction to water than cyclohexanol; solubility of NaCl in water is 360g/L, and solubility of cyclohexanol in water is 36. 0g/L (Weast, 1988). It is a great way to separate azeotrope into different components. However, enough salt is necessary to make solution saturated to separate all cyclohexanol from aqueous solution; for example, 45. 72g of NaCl is needed to make solution saturated in 127mL of water. Required salt can be calculated by multiplying solubility of salt in water with given volume.In part B, there was cyclohexanol found in the condenser because temperature of water running in the condenser was low compare to melting point of cyclohexanol, which is 24Â °C; so some of the cyclohexanol was stuck on the inner-surface of the condenser. Cold-water was turned off, and hot-water turned on when cyclohexanol was collecting during distillation process to remove the cyclohexanol from the surface of condenser and used in the final product. The result shows that the percent yield is 35. 5%. As expected percent yield is low because the strong acidic conditions and solubility of cyclohex anol in water (Hornback, 2006).Observed reflective index is very close to literature value of reflective index of cyclohexanol, which tells that product is pure but there is still some impurities. The result is also due to inefficient experiment procedures. This experiment required precise measurements of data in order to obtain accurate results. But, there are many possible sources of experimental error when performing this experiment. Firstly, if water-acid solution was not cooled enough to add cyclohexene, then some of the cyclohexene have evaporated.Cyclohexene is a limiting reagent meaning it will affect the overall weight of cyclohexanol by reducing the amount. Secondly, not using properly clean and dried equipments may affect on reactants’ activities, such as a flask, beaker, graduated cylinders. Thirdly, solution was not homogeneous; in other words, failing to mix properly for the reaction to go to completion. It was hard to judge due to very dark colour of the soluti on. If reaction was not fully reacted means not all cyclohexene were reacted to form protonated cyclohexanol and cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate.Fourthly, some potassium carbonate may have entered in distillation flask which resulted in reverse reaction causing to lose more cyclohexanol. Fifthly, a small amount of product might be lost when transferring from one container to another. Sixthly, some cyclohexanol was left in round-bottom flask in order to prevent the round-bottom flask from breaking due to over-drying or over-heating. There are a few methods that would improve the accuracy of the experiments, if considered and followed with care. While recording the volume from the graduated cylinder the goal is to look for at the curve on the top of a standing body of liquid.Before experiment takes place make sure to clean all equipments that are going to be used throughout experiment to avoid any beside reactions in the experiment that may affect the final result. When transferring from one flask to other, sometimes filter paper would be a better solution to prevent unwanted product from entering into a reaction flask, and to prevent any reverse reaction to occur, such as potassium carbonate. Conclusion: In this paper, distillation process for the indirect hydration of cyclohexene to cyclohexanol using sulphuric acid as an acidic catalyst is demonstrated.In the hydration process, double bond of cyclohexene is replaced by the hydroxyl group to form alcohol. Obtain reflective index of cyclohexanol is 1. 4648, and the literature value of reflective index of cyclohexanol is 1. 4641at 20Â °C; which shows that final product was very pure. The result also showed that the percent yield is only 35. 5%, it is due to the strongly acidic conditions and solubility of cyclohexanol.

Impact Of Cell Phones On Society - 1509 Words

Impacts of Cellphones use in Society Advancements in technology have resulted in the invention of devices and machines that increase the efficiency and quality of life. Notably, the design of the cellphone and the internet highlights the latest technology that captivates both young and old. Mobile phones have become an integral part of our society. Primarily, the development of cellphones which combine different sophisticated features has made the device one of the necessities of life. So far, statistics indicate that the number of cell phones in the world supersedes the total population of people. Most people consider cell phones beneficial because of the level of interconnectedness it creates between people around the world. Arguably,†¦show more content†¦Another element to note is the effect of cell phone use on face-to-face contact. According to Ictech Bradley (2014, 22), face-to-face communication takes place in each other’s presence and allows individuals to share a joint focus of attention on the flow of conversation. As a result, this increases the capacity to indicate the course of each other’s physical action thereby maintain an intimate and collaborative act of communication. Furthermore, face-to-face contact permits individuals to make perceptions of each other’s behaviors. However, the introduction of cellphones has significantly undermined the ability of humans to hold meaningful face to face communication. Drago, (2015, 1) reveals that cellphones use has affected the ability of couples to spend quality time together. Most couples prefer to spend their moments on their cell phones at the expense of interacting with each other. Consequently, many relationships have been impaired because of this (Drago, 2015, 2). Addiction One of the adverse effects of over-using cell-phones is that it leads to addiction. 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